CRISPR/Cas技术及其在发酵菌株上的应用

CRISPR/Cas Technique and its Application on Fermentation Strains Research

发酵菌株的改良在发酵工业生产上通常是一项非常重要的内容,而传统的驯化模式周期长、效率低、稳定性差且成本高,很难满足工业化快速生产的要求。规律成簇间隔短回文重复Cas(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas,CRISPR/Cas)是细菌及古生菌中的一种适应性免疫系统,在此系统上改进的基因编辑技术能实行RNA导向的DNA精准编辑。因而利用CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术对菌株的快速构建和优化,是一条快速获得高产菌株的新途径。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas系统组成、工作原理、分类以及该技术在发酵菌株上的应用研究进展,并探索了该技术存在的问题以及目前的解决办法,最后对CRISPR/Cas技术在发酵工程上的潜力进行了展望。

Ferment strains improvement is a vital content in fermentation industry production ordinarily,and it is hard to meet the requirements of rapid industrial production by the screening scheme of traditional domestication because of its time-consuming,inefficiency,instability and high-cost. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas（CRISPR/Cas） a gene targeted editing technology improving,an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archabacteria that could edit gene based on this system by DNA accurate edition guided by RNA. Therefore,using CRISPR/Cas gene edition technology rapidly to establish and optimize strains is a novel efficient path to acquire highyielding fermentation strain. In this paper,the CRISPR/Cas components,working principle,classification and its advances in the application on fermentation strain optimization is reviewed. The problems faced by CRISPR/Cas technology are probed,and finally the potential of CRISPR/Cas in fermentation engineering is prospected.