趋同与分化:刑事诉讼实物证据审查规则探析

Study on the rules of reviewing the material evidences:Clarifying nature and rethinking theory

《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》确立了实物证据的审查规则,对其性质学界多有探讨。现有的理论辨析混淆了证明力与证据能力的区别,掩盖了规则内部的具体特征。从性质上看,实物证据审查规则包含证据能力规则与证明力规则。性质不同决定了制度构建的差异,现行规则忽略了制度之间的差异,其趋同化、形式化趋向明显。基于此,现有规则需要完成制度分化,从证据能力与证明力两个向度分别加以完善。

Provisions on Several Issues concerning the Examination and Judgment of Evidence in Death Penalty Cases set the rules of reviewing the material evidence,which arise the debate between the scholars.The current theory overlooks the difference between the evidence capacity and the weight of evidence.Form the view of nature,the rules of reviewing include the rule of the evidence capacity and the weight of evidence.The differences of nature decide the different system,which are overlooked by the current rules.There are two problems：convergence and formalization.Based on this,the rules should be reformed from the evidence capacity and the weight of evidence.