民法典编纂视阈下意定监护制度之型塑

Model of guardianship system under the compilation of Civil Code

新近以来,基于保障人权理念之驱使,各国逐步确立了以私法自治为基准,以尊重本人残存意志为核心,充分利用其尚余行为能力,以保障本人之合法权益的成年人意定监护制度。《民法总则》虽已界定意定监护之义,但留有诸多问题尚未解决。借镜域外成年人意定监护制度的相关规定,以明晰判定本人行为能力的标准,厘清意定监护协议之成立与生效节点,并对监护人应享之权利进行充分论证,以期为民法典的编纂提供新的路径选择。

Recently,driven by the concept of safeguarding human rights,all countries have gradually established a system of guardianship for adults based on private law autonomy as the core,respecting their residual will and making full use of their remaining ability to protect their legitimate rights and interests.Although the＂General Principles of Civil code＂has defined the meaning of intended guardianship,many problems remain unresolved.This article clarifies the establishment of the protocol of custody by means of the regulations on the system of guardianship of adults＇ with the entry into force,and fully demonstrates the rights of guardians,in order to provide a new path for the codification of the Civil Code.