孙中山逝世前与廖仲恺关系探微

A Meticulous Study of the Relationship Between Sun Yat-sen and Liao Zhong-kai Before Sun Passed Away

国共合作时,廖仲恺的政治态度与苏俄顾问及中共接近,招致国民党右派、广东商人的普遍不满和反对。商团事件对孙中山与廖仲恺的关系影响极大,该事件激化了党政军及社会各种矛盾,工商冲突频繁,不符合孙中山"阶级调和"的基本原则。廖仲恺担任财政部长和广东省长期间,革命政府财政濒临绝境,他称"无力回天",接连辞去要职,有负于孙中山厚望。但孙中山仍赋予其重任,将其转往党务工作。商团事件解决前后,孙中山的关注点转移到北伐和北上。北伐及稍迟的东征军事,主要依托于蒋介石;北上在京事务主要依托于汪精卫;广东根据地的留守大事则托付给代帅(国民党的最高权力)胡汉民。孙中山与他们密切联系,却疏远了廖仲恺,这决非正常。

During the KMT-CPC Cooperation,Liao Zhong-kai's political views got closer to those of the Soviet consultants and the CPC,and thus irritated KMT'right wing faction and the Cantonese merchants.The Canton Merchant Volunteers Corps Uprising had a significant impact on the relationship between Sun Yatsen and Liao Zhong-kai.It provoked conflicts among the party,the government,the army and the society,and incurred much antagonism in industry and commerce.These went contrary to Sun's basic theory of the"class conciliation." At the time when Liao was the minister of finance and the governor of the Canton province,the finance of the revolutionary government almost collapsed.Liao claimed his"hopelessnessand" resigned from the important positions gradually.However,Sun still entrusted him with the party affairs.During the merchant uprising,Sun focused on the northern expedition and the northern military campaign.He entrusted northern and later eastern expedition to Chiang Kai-shek,relied heavily on Wang Jingwei to handle general affairs at Beijing during the northern expedition,and assigned Hu Hanming as vice generalissimo(the most powerful figure)to preside over the canton base.However,it was very unusual that Sun alienated Liao at this moment while working intimately with the other three.