对戏曲“政府奖”的历史考察与现实思考

Government Awards and the Evaluation Mechanism of Chinese Opera

政府奖是中国戏曲评价机制的组成部分,也是特定历史阶段的产物,与国有专业院团的体制密切相关。当前,大多数地方戏的演出市场不景气,部分剧种甚至濒临消亡,专业院团基本是在主流评价维度的作用下进行艺术生产。其从业人员的职称晋升、收入多少也与评奖活动紧密关联。因此,政府奖及其运作机制固然是导致如今戏曲评价维度单一化的重要原因,削减奖项也可以防止腐败因素滋生,促进剧目创作多样化,但在评价机制尚不健全、戏曲市场严重不足的情况下,政策的推进必须循序渐进、区别对待。否则矫枉过正的改革将加剧艺术人才的流失,不利于传统戏曲的保护和振兴。

Being an important part of the evaluation mechanism of Chinese opera, government awards lead to homogeneity in appreciation. A cut in government awards could prevent corruption and encourage diversity, yet with the shrinking of the opera market and many opera troupes9 surviving on government awards, changes should be made cautiously.