中国傩戏的概念、主要剧种及价值

Concept,Main Genre and Value of Chinese Nuo Opera

傩戏以舞蹈、说唱、戏剧等艺术形式来迎神、娱神和送神,并大多用面具装扮神灵及世俗人物来演述故事。旨在祈请主持正义的神灵驱除妖魔鬼祟和阴邪之物,以保障人们的健康、安宁。今日能够进行演出的傩戏约有80种左右。具有代表性的傩戏剧种有撮泰吉、地戏、阳戏、傩堂戏、香火戏、藏戏以及目连戏等。傩戏的价值为:一是它能为宗教学、伦理学、历史学、民俗学、方言学等学科提供在一般文献中难以见到的资料;二是它能够让人们了解到一个地方的文化精神;三是因它储藏了大量的民间故事与历史传说,能为今日的文艺创作提供丰富的素材;四是它的许多艺术表现方式值得今日的戏剧借鉴。

Chinese Nuo opera welcomes, amuses and sees off the gods by the artistic forms of dance, talking, singingand operas in which the actors take the role of gods or mortals with masks to tell stories for the purpose of beseechingthe gods of justice to exorcise evil spirits and evil things and thus guarantee health and peace for the people. Up tonow about 80 kinds of Nuo operas can be put on stage, among which the most representative ones include Cuotaiji,Di opera, Yang Opera, Nuotang Opera, Xianghuo opera, Tibetan opera, Mulian opera and etc. The value of the Nuoopera lies in： firstly, it provides unseen materials in other documentsfor religious studies, ethics, historiography,folkloristics and dialectology; secondly, it acquaints people with their local cultural spirit; thirdly, it offers today’sliterary and artistic creation rich material for it preserves plenty of folktales and historical legends; fourthly, many ofits artistic expressions are worth learning from for today’s operas.