贵州遵义辣椒矿质元素含量与其品质相关性分析

Relationship between Contents of Mineral Elements and Quality of Hot Pepper Grown in Zunyi, Guizhou Province

采集贵州遵义地区辣椒样品,测定辣椒样品的12种矿质元素(K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Ni、Co)含量与4种品质指标(辣椒碱、VC、蛋白质、干物质),探讨辣椒品质与矿质元素的关系,利用主成分分析和聚类分析对辣椒品质进行分析。结果表明:遵义辣椒矿质元素含量呈现K>P>S>Mg>Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Co的特征。与前人研究结果相比,遵义辣椒的蛋白质、VC、干物质含量高,营养丰富,而辣椒碱含量变化大。辣椒VC与Cu含量呈显著正相关(r=0.584,P<0.05,n=16),与K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Zn含量亦呈正相关关系。主成分分析的前2个主成分解释的总方差贡献率为49.368%,辣椒碱是辣椒品质评价的重要参考指标,K、Mg、P、S、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co为辣椒果实的特征元素。聚类分析结果表明辣椒品质和矿质元素在不同地域间存在差异,同一地域辣椒的品质与矿质元素含量往往相近,辣椒品质存在明显的地域分布特征。

The contents of twelve mineral elements（K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Co） and four quality attributes（capsaicin, vitamin C, protein, and dry matter） of hot pepper samples collected from Zunyi, Guizhou were determined. The relationship between the quality and the mineral elements was studied. Moreover, principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） were used to analyze the quality of hot pepper. The results showed that the contents of twelve mineral elements were in the following order： K〉 P〉 S Mg〉 Ca〉 Fe 〉Zn 〉Mn〉 Cu 〉Ni〉 Mo 〉Co. Compared with data from previous studies, the contents of protein, vitamin C, and dry matter in Zunyi grown hot pepper were higher, being rich in nutrients. Nonetheless, the capsaicin content of Zunyi grown red pepper varied in a wide range. Vitamin C content was significantly positively correlated with copper content（r = 0.584, P 〈0.05, n = 16）, as well as the contents of K, Ca, Mg, P, S, and Zn. In addition, PCA showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 49.368%, which indicated that capsaicin was an important indicator in assessing the quality of hot pepper, and the characteristic elements were K, Mg, P, S, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co. Besides, the results of HCA revealed that there were some differences in the quality and mineral elements of hot pepper from different regions, and the quality and mineral elements contents of hot peppers from the same area were similar. A regional distribution pattern was observed for hot pepper quality.