关于如何理解物理量熵的若干思考

Considerations on how to Understand the Physical Quantity Entropy

热力学作为物理学最难理解的一门分支学科,其改革与创新至关重要。通过热力学与电学之间的类比,引入了基于直觉认知的热荷和热荷量的概念,由此得出熵就是热荷量这一简单而明确的定义。其结果是,熵(热荷量)与热量这两个不同性质的物理量得以清晰地区分开来,从而不仅消除了热力学的抽象性,而且还消除了熵这个物理量之前在概念上的模糊性。以全新的面貌出现的热力学不但有利于我国广大科研和工程技术人员的理解、掌握、应用和创新,有利于提升我国的科技软实力,而且也有利于大、中学生的物理教学和热力学知识的普及。

It is critical for thermodynamics, the most difficult branch of physics, to be reformed and updated. Through the analogy between thermodynamics and electricity, the concepts of thermal charge and quantity of thermal charge were introduced in an intuitive way, from which a simple yet explicit definition was derived ——entropy is the quantity of thermal charge. As a result, the two quantities,i.e. entropy（quantity of thermal charge） and the quantity of heat can be clearly distinguished. This eliminates not only the abstractness of thermodynamics but also the fuzziness of the original concept of entropy. These new ideas for thermodynamics are expected to make it easier for our scientists and engineers to understand, apply and innovate, and therefore to enhance China＇s soft power in science and technology. Also, it should be beneficial to our physics teaching in both universities and high schools,as well as to the popularization of thermodynamic knowledge.