长江经济带人力资本结构及竞争力研究

Regional Human Capital Structure and Competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

以长江经济带为研究对象,采用偏离—份额法,分析了长江经济带人力资本结构和竞争力发展现状:不同类型人力资本类型对区域人力资本增长的影响程度不同;小学教育人力资本和初中教育人力资本总量和占比均呈下降趋势,对区域人力资本增长起负向阻碍作用;高中教育人力资本总量和占比稳步增长,对区域人力资本增长起正向促进作用;高等教育人力资本对提升区域人力资本水平的引领作用明显,是区域人力资本增长的主要影响因素。为优化长江经济带人力资本结构及竞争力,必须加大长江经济带中高等教育人力资本投资力度,实现"人口红利"向"人力资本红利"转变;按照区域现实需求,有针对性地提升不同类型人力资本在区域内的配置水平;形成区域产业结构升级与人力资本结构优化的良性互动机制;构建开放合作、有序竞争的大区域人力资本市场。

Taking Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example, Shift-Share method is adopted in this article to analyze the current status of human capital structure and competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Moreover, relevant suggestions have been proposed based on empirical research results. The results show that the total amount of humancapital in the Yangtze River economic belt showsa strong tendency of growth, but the structure of regional human capitalneeds to be further optimized. The total amount of human capital and the proportion of human capital in primary schooleducation and junior high school education revealsa downward trend, which has a negative effect on regional human capital growth. The total amount and proportion of human capital in high school education is steadily increasing, and it playsa positive role in the growth of regional human capital. Higher education human capital plays a leading role in the growthof regional human capital, which is the main influencing factor of regional human capital growth. Therefore, we should increase investment on higher education human capital, so as to realize the transition from ＂demographic dividend＂ to ＂human capital dividend＂. Meanwhile, we should improve the regional allocation of different types of human capital. Besides,we should establisha benign interaction mechanism between the upgrading of regional industrial structure and the structural optimization of human capital, so as to construct an open, cooperative and orderly market for regional human capital.