应县木塔雷击过程分析

Analysis of the lightning strike in Yingxian Wood Tower

根据高速相机拍摄的闪电结构照片,计算出在闪电的70μs时间内没有电荷从雷云中进入到地球;将闪电结构照片和高压大间隙电弧击穿的照片进行对比,从另一个角度也分析得出了闪电时雷云中没有电荷入地的结论。提出了雷云中荷电粒子聚集形成的畸变电场击穿了空气,继而形成了先导流注,并由此产生了雷电的观点;运用流注理论分析了应县木塔被雷击的全过程,使直击雷的过程得到了符合物理原理的解释。同时提出了球形雷的成因,指出了用罗氏线圈和磁钢剩磁测量的所谓雷电流就是地面感应物体在雷电消失后,电荷重新分布时的驰豫电流。

From lightning structure photographs taken by the high speed camera,it is calculated that there is no charge from thundercloud into the earth within 70 μs time of lightning; by comparing the photographs of lightning structure with that of arc breakdown in high voltage gaps,it is leaded to the conclution that there is no charge enter into the earth when the lightning flashes from another angle. This paper advances distorted electric field which formed by charged particle in thundercloud breakdown the air,then created the leading stream,and generates the view of thunder and lightning,the whole process of Yingxian Wooden Tower struck by lightning are analyzed by stream theory,which can lead to an interpretation of physical principles for the process of direct lightning. At the same time,this paper puts forward the cause of spherical thunder,and points out the so-called lightning current which measured by rogowski coil and magnetic remanence is the relaxation current when the charge is redistributed after the ground sensors objects are lost in the lightning.