合作与冲突:民国时期地方水利建设中的国家与社会——以浙江省黄岩县为例

Cooperation and Conflicts:The Roles of State and Local Society in Local Water Conservancy Construction in the Republic of China with Huangyan County of Zhejiang Province as an Example

文章以民国时期浙江省黄岩县的水利建设为例,探讨了地方水利建设中国家与社会的关系。民国时期国家通过制定法规、颁布政令、加强管理与技术指导、提供建设经费等方式,对地方水利建设加以引导;地方精英作为政府与基层社会的连接者,不但是当地水利建设的发起人和推动者,也是政府在地方水利建设中的直接执行者,在政府力量未能涉及的区域更是主导者。针对水利建设中出现的纠纷,民国时期国家与地方社会展开了积极的互动,其解决方式主要有民间调解、行政处理、司法诉讼等。

With the water conservancy construction of Huangyan County of Zhejiang Province in the Republic of China as an example,this paper explores the relationship between the state and society in the construction of local water conservancy projects. During the period of Republic of China,the state guided the local water conservancy construction by means of enactment of laws and regulations,promulgation of decrees,strengthening of management and technical guidance,and provision of construction funds. Local elites who linked the government with the grassroot society not only initiated and promoted local water conservancy construction,but also directly implemented the local water conservancy construction,even taking a leading role in areas where the government failed to involve. In view of the disputes arising in water conservancy construction,the state and local society in the Republic of China engaged in active interactions,which mainly included civil mediation,administrative processing,and judicial litigation.