清初“西泠十子”的政治倾向与文学创作

On the Political Choices and the Literary Creation of the “Ten Xiling Wits” in the Early Qing Dynasty

明清易代之际,士人的出处选择成为一个异常重要且敏感的问题。面对清兵对杭州城的劫掠与蹂躏,"西泠十子"对满清政权大多持不合作态度,绝意仕进。然而,随着时间的推移以及满清政权恩威并施的遗民政策,加之杭州长期以来形成的达生、自适的地域文化传统,当越中遗民尚持续着如火如荼的反清斗争时,"西泠十子"大多由最初的抵制变为认同与接受,由怀恋亡明的"遗民"转为不问世事的"逸民"与顺应新朝的臣子。"西泠十子"这一转变过程,对其文学创作产生了深刻的影响。而"十子"的心路历程,正是清初大多数杭州遗民心态转变的典型写照。

To be an official or a hermit was an important and sensitive issue when there was a turn from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. Under the devastation and oppression of Manchu troops,most of ＂Ten Xiling Wits＂took an uncooperative attitude and refused to be an official. However,as time went by,most of them started to accept the Manchu rulers because of their policy of kindness and sternness on the one hand and the value of coziness that has long been part of the local culture of Hangzhou,on the other hand. While the poets of Yuezhong still persisted in their fight against the Qing rulers,most members of ＂Ten Xiling Wits＂chose to be inward-looking hermits or courtiers,which had a profound impact on their literary creation. The mentality change of the ＂Ten Xiling Wits＂was typical of the Ming Dynasty adherents in Hangzhou in the early Qing Dynasty.