阳光法案对美国公立大学治理的影响

The Impact of Sunshine Laws on the Governance of American Public Universities

经过几十年的发展,阳光法案日益内化到美国公立大学的治理中,并成为一种制度化的存在。阳光法案对美国公立大学治理的影响是全方位的、深远的。通过分析它对董事会会议、校长遴选所带来的影响,可以发现:阳光法案普遍受到各方的欢迎,因为它契合了美国人的民主价值观,增加了公众对大学的信任,能有效预防大学潜在的腐败,最大化地维护公共利益;但它也造成美国公立大学自主性的降低和对个人隐私权的侵犯。对此,美国公立大学不断通过主动和被动的方式予以回应和克服,努力在公共问责、大学自治和个人隐私("三难困境")之间实现最大程度上的平衡。

For decades now,the sunshine laws are increasingly institutionalized into the governance of American public universities. The impact of sunshine laws on the governance of American public universities is comprehensive and far-reaching. By analyzing their impact on governing board meetings and presidential search and selection,we can find that the sunshine law is widely embraced by all parties,because it demonstrates American value of democracy and increases the public confidence in universities. It can,on the one hand,prevent potential corruption and maintain public interest as much as possible. On the other hand,it may reduce the autonomy of universities and infringe the right of privacy. As to the drawbacks,American public universities try to respond and overcome by both active and passive ways,with the aim of achieving balance among public account,university autonomy and personal privacy（ trilemma） to the greatest extent.