初创企业创业者胜任力的构成体系研究

Research on the Constitution System of the Entrepreneurial Competency of Start-ups

创业者胜任力对初创企业成功创业具有至关重要的作用。文章基于对国内外关于创业者胜任力文献的系统梳理和企业生命周期理论,根据Spencer"冰山"模型,提出了初创企业创业者胜任力模型,剖析了其外显特征和层次结构性,运用频次分析法和半结构化访谈法,设计了21项适合初创企业创业者胜任力要素问项,以广东、河北、四川、江苏等地的校友企业作为样本来源,采用因子分析的结构效度检验和验证性因素分析,拟合构建了初创企业创业者胜任力的二阶因子结构模型。研究结果表明:初创企业创业者胜任力模型的五个维度与构建的结构模型一致,即社会胜任力、职能胜任力、领导胜任力、认知胜任力和心理胜任力,且具有较好的结构效度和内容一致性。文章针对初创企业这一特定发展时期构建的初创企业创业者胜任力体系模型,深入细化了创业者胜任力相关研究。

The entrepreneurial competency plays an important role in the success of start-ups. This paper systematically reviews the existing studies on entrepreneurial competency at home and abroad,based on the enterprise life cycle theory. According to the Spencer model,the ＂iceberg＂ start-up entrepreneurs competency model is put forward. Its external characteristics and hierarchical structure are also analyzed. This study uses the methods of frequency analysis and semi-structured interviews to design a questionnaire. It consists of 21 questions about competency influencing factors,which is suitable to start-up entrepreneur. Then taking the alumni-created enterprises from Guangdong,Hebei,Sichuan,Jiangsu and other places as sample sources. By using structural validity test and confirmatory factor analysis,the two factor structure model of entrepreneur competency was constructed. The results of research indicate that the five dimensions of entrepreneurial competency model are consistent with their initial setting and it has good structural validity and content consistency. The five dimensions of the model are social competency,functional competency,leadership competency,cognitive competency and psychological competency. The entrepreneurial competency model which was built at this particular stage of start-up enterprises will further refine the research on the competency of entrepreneurs.