从“盐徒惯海”到“营谋运粮”:明末淮安水兵与东江集团关系探析

The Analysis on Connection between Marines from Huai'an and Dongjiang Group in Late Ming Dynasty through Status Transformation from“The Salt Makers Who are Habituated to Sea” to “Grain Traders and Marines ”

万历四十六年(1618),明朝与后金之间爆发辽东战争。明将毛文龙在镇江大捷中建立功勋,却因朝廷党争而遭到排挤,他驻军皮岛,时常出现粮饷供应不到位情况,而与朝廷关系紧张。由淮安盐徒、灶丁及早期黄渤海海域海上活动人群征募而来的水兵,与毛文龙建立起密切的主从关系。当毛文龙遭孤立被疑为割据一方时,这些淮安籍水兵中不少人转化为海商,从而确保了毛文龙集团的粮饷供给。由淮安海上人群的沉浮,可窥见明末海上力量的难以长成,淮安海上人群较闽粤沿海海上力量遭遇更加艰难的处境。

The 46 th year of emperor Wanli(1618), Liaodong war broke out between Ming dynasty and Latter Jin' regime. Mao Wenlong, the Ming's officer, was crowd out by parties conflict in the court, even he got the great Zhenjiang victory. Mao maintained a strained relation with government when they cannot provide the grain supply they have promised, especially after Mao entrenched in Pi island. The marines recruited from salt makers and the sailors sailing the Bohai and Huanghai seas in Huai'an waters, quickly affiliated to Mao Wenlong in the war. To secure the adequate supply of grain, Many of these marines become maritime traders when Mao was isolated by Ming court and build his separating regime. Viewing on ups and downs of Huai'an maritime group, we can get a glimpse of tough situation of sea power in later Ming dynasty, we also can conclude that Huai'an maritime group suffered a more difficult situation than the costal areas like Fujian and Canton provinces.