山东非法经营疫苗系列案对深圳市儿童家长预防接种态度和行为的影响

Impact of the Shandong Illegal Vaccine Selling Event on parents’ immunization attitudes and behaviors in Shenzhen city

目的了解山东非法经营疫苗系列案对深圳市儿童家长预防接种态度和接种行为的影响,分析儿童家长接种犹豫的影响因素。方法 2016年4月在深圳市罗湖区和龙岗区75家预防接种门诊,采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取1 284名≤2岁儿童的家长进行预防接种态度和接种行为调查,采用Logistic回归模型分析接种犹豫的影响因素。结果案件报道后32.4%的家长出现接种犹豫。Logistic回归分析显示,女童（OR=1.32,95%CI：1.01-1.72）、没有使用预防接种手机应用程序（OR=4.39,95%CI：3.21-6.01）、认为案件对孩子有影响（OR=3.43,95%CI：2.28-5.16）、认为预防接种门诊使用的疫苗不安全（OR=8.26,95%CI：1.79-4.73）的家长更易产生接种犹豫。全市2016年乙型肝炎疫苗第3剂、无细胞百白破联合疫苗第1剂和第2剂接种率比2015年分别下降了5.23、5.67、5.78个百分点;2016年轮状病毒疫苗、b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、水痘减毒活疫苗接种剂次数比2015年分别下降了20.49%、40.60%、28.26%。结论儿童家长对山东非法经营疫苗系列案的认知差,产生接种犹豫,儿童疫苗接种率下降;需采取有效措施预防和减少案件的影响。

Objective To investigate the impact of the Shandong Illegal Vaccine Selling Event on parents＇ immunization attitudes and behaviors in Shenzhen and to determine factors influencing vaccine hesitancy.Methods A simple random sampling strategy was used to select 1 284 parents of ≤2 year old children from 75 vaccination clinics in Luohu and Longgang districts in April 2016 for a survey of parents＇ immunization attitudes and behaviors. We analyzed factors influencing vaccine hesitancy using logistic regression. Results Vaccine hesitancy appeared among 32. 4% of parents; it was more likely to occur among parents of girls（OR = 1. 32,95% CI： 1. 01-1. 72）,parents who did not use the mobile vaccination application（APP）（OR = 4. 39,95% CI： 3. 21-6. 01）,parents who believed that the event might harm their children（OR = 3. 43,95% CI： 2. 28-5. 16）,and parents who believed that vaccines used in vaccination clinics might not be safe（OR = 8. 26,95% CI： 1. 79-4. 73）. Coverage rates of the third dose of hepatitis B vaccine and the first and the second dose of diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine dropped by 5. 23,5. 67 and 5. 78 percentage points in 2016,respectively,compared with 2015. Administered doses of rotavirus vaccine,Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine,and varicella vaccine dropped by 20. 49%,40. 60%,and 28. 26% in 2016,respectively,compared with 2015.Conclusions Parents had insufficient knowledge about the event,leading to vaccine hesitancy and reduced vaccination coverage among children. Effective interventions should be taken to prevent or reduce the negative impact of the event.