呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗的研究进展

Research progress with vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus

呼吸道合胞病毒（Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV）是引起婴幼儿和老年人下呼吸道感染如支气管炎和肺炎的常见病原体,导致患者住院治疗甚至死亡。虽然RSV疫苗的研究已有近60年历史,但依然没有商品化的疫苗可用。近年来,随着RSV分子生物学研究的深入和新型疫苗设计策略的应用,RSV疫苗研究进展迅速。目前正在研制多种针对不同免疫对象的候选疫苗,包括减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、载体疫苗和纳米颗粒疫苗等,其中亚单位疫苗和纳米颗粒疫苗适用于孕妇和老人,减毒活疫苗、载体疫苗和部分亚单位疫苗有望用于婴幼儿。本文介绍了RSV的生物学特性、RSV疫苗研究面临的困难和正在进行临床试验的RSV候选疫苗的研究进展,为RSV疫苗的研发提供参考和借鉴。

Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV） is a common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and bronchitis and pneumonia among the elderly,leading to hospitalization or even death. Although candidate RSV vaccines have been studied for nearly 60 years,none are marketed. Recently,rapid progress has been made in RSV vaccine research due to advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of RSV and application of techniques for designing novel vaccines. Many candidate vaccines for different populations are under development,including attenuated live vaccines,subunit vaccines,vector-based vaccines,and nanoparticle vaccines.Subunit vaccines and nanoparticle vaccines may be good for immunizing pregnant women and the elderly,while attenuated live vaccines,vector-based vaccines,and subunit vaccines may be good for immunizing infants and young children. This article reviews characteristics of RSV,difficulties of RSV vaccine research,and progress of RSV vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials.