脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种现状与进展

Poliomyelitis immunization status and progress

脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）疫苗可以有效预防脊灰的发生。随着全球消灭脊灰目标的即将实现,后脊灰时代的免疫策略备受关注。本文对脊灰疫苗接种现状、全球及中国消灭脊灰进程及免疫策略等方面进行了综述,探索脊灰疫苗接种由口服脊灰减毒活疫苗（OPV）向灭活脊灰病毒疫苗（IPV）转换过程中可能存在的问题,为长期的免疫策略提供参考依据。

Poliovirus vaccines effectively prevent poliomyelitis. With the impending achievement of global polio eradication,great attention has been paid to immunization strategies for the post-polio-eradication era. This article reviews the status of poliovirus vaccines,progress toward polio eradication globally and in China,and poliovirus immunization strategies. We identify potential issues during the switch of polio vaccination from oral poliomyelitis vaccine（OPV） to inactivated poliovirus vaccine（IPV） and provide a reference frame for developing long-term immunization strategies.