德国公法上信赖保护规范基础的变迁——基于法教义学的视角

Transition of Norm Basis of Expectation Protection in German's Public Law

现代法治国家在规范层面构建"国家—公民"关系时,普遍十分重视对公民信赖利益的保护,并通常将其作为公法部门的基本原则。在德国,信赖保护从一种朴素的法律理念到公法规范体系中具有普遍效力的法律原则、再到具体法律规则中的确定要求,经历了一个理论和实践上的长期发展过程。在此过程中,本着实现信赖保护的普遍性,德国公法理论与实务界从法教义学的角度出发,提出了众多落实公法上信赖保护实证基础的主张,并最终确认了其独立的法律原则地位和具体的保护内容。通过对这一法教义学争鸣过程的梳理,可以加深对信赖保护内涵和功能的认识。

When the modern state governed by rule of law built the relationship between state and citizen on the level of norms,the protection of expectation of citizen has been usually paid more attention and normally regarded as one of the basic principles of public law.Although the protection of expectation as a legal thought has a long history in Germany,the development of the protection of expectation from a simple legal concept to a general legal principle in public law is the result of a consistent process of practical and theoretical discussion.To achieve the full protection of expectation in all areas of public law,the German researchers from both theoretical and practical fields during this process have put forward over the past decades many points of views about the normative dogmatic basis of the protection of expectation.By a review of this process of dogmatic debate,especially relaying on the different methods of normative interpretation,we can strengthen the understanding of the content and the function of the protection of expectation as principle of law on the background of German law.