互殴概念的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of Concept of Mutual Beatings

互殴是一个旨在促进正当防卫正确认定的重要概念。互殴与正当防卫是互斥关系,对此理论上没有任何争议。但是在司法实践中,大量的原本属于正当防卫的案件被错误地认定为互殴。问题出在传统的互殴概念上。传统的互殴概念认为,互殴是参与者在伤害故意的支配下所实施的互相伤害的行为。在理论上,由于伤害故意和防卫意图并非互斥关系,传统的互殴概念无法将互殴与正当防卫区分开来;在司法实务中,传统的互殴概念对法院的法律适用和事实认定产生了深远的负面影响。因此,有必要对互殴概念进行重构。重构之后的互殴概念为,互殴是参与者在伤害故意和斗殴意图的支配下所实施的互相伤害的行为。理解互殴概念的关键在于理解斗殴意图。斗殴意图是指基于欺凌、报复、逞强斗狠、寻求刺激等动机而去主动挑起斗殴或积极参与斗殴的主观心理态度。判断双方打斗的情形是否属于互殴,首先判断它是否属于有事先约定的互殴,如果得出了否定答案,再判断它是否属于无事先约定的互殴。

Mutual beatings is an important concept aimed at promoting the correct identification of the justifiable defense.However,in judicial practice,a large number of justifiable defense cases are incorrectly identified as mutual beatings.It shows that the traditional concept of mutual beatings is not correct.In fact,no matter in theory,or in the judicial practice,the traditional concept of mutual beatings fall into a dilemma.Therefore,it is necessary to create a new concept of mutual beatings.This paper argues that mutual beatings are acts of mutual harm that are carried out by the participant under the control of hurting intentions and fighting intentions.The key to understanding the concept of mutual beatings is to understand the intention of fighting.