“万物统一”的美学探索:白银时代东正教神学思想与俄罗斯文论

Aesthetic Exploration of “Total Unity” — Orthodox Church Theology in the Silver Age and Russian Literary Theory

随着俄罗斯文学研究的不断深入,东正教与俄罗斯文学的关系研究已经逐渐成为我国学界关注的重要问题之一。然而,学界更多聚焦东正教与俄罗斯文学创作的内在联系,较少涉及文学批评理论。其实,俄罗斯民族的精神是由东正教铸成的,理论的科学性并非与宗教性是相互对立的,尤其是在白银时代,东正教神学思想与俄罗斯文学批评理论关系密切。正是在这一互动影响中,真理存在于"三位一体"的"万物统一"之中;"完整知识"体系是由自然科学、社会科学和神学构成的、不可分割的整体;"神人合一"是文学形象的深刻内涵,也是文学批评所要揭示的主要对象;"象征"与"现实"的交融则是艺术感知世界的理想途径。白银时代的东正教文学批评理论为我们开启了一扇认知世界的窗口,对进一步提升国民自身的精神素养和艺术鉴赏水平,促进我国文艺理论建设和批评方法的创新,具有十分重要的意义。

As researchers deepen their understanding of Russian literature, the relationship between Orthodox Church and Russian literary theory gradually becomes a crucial subject matter in the academic world of Russian literature. However, researches are more focused on internal connections between Orthodox Church and Russian literary creation than they are on Orthodox literary criticism. In fact, Russian national spirit is forged by Orthodoxy; science in theories and religion do not necessarily stand against each other. In the Silver Age in particular, the Orthodox Church theology was closely associated with Russian literary criticism. It is precisely in their interactive relationship of mutual influence that truth exists in the ＂total unity＂ of ＂trinity＂. The system of ＂integral knowledge＂ is an inseparable whole made up of natural sciences, social sciences and theology. ＂Theanthropism＂ is a deep layer of literary images and also the main object of literary criticism. The fusion of ＂symbol＂ and ＂reality＂ is an ideal route to the artistic perception of the world. Orthodox literary criticism in the Silver Age has opened a window to the world for us and is of great significance for elevating artistic appreciation level of the general public, as well as promoting our literary theory construction and innovation in approaches to literary criticism.