《死屋手记》中“不幸的人”与东正教认同感

“The Unfortunate” and Identification of Orthodox Church in Notes from the Dead House

除发表当初造成的轰动,《死屋手记》在后来的陀思妥耶夫斯基学术史上并未得到足够重视,但它却构建了陀思妥耶夫斯基本人根基主义思想的基本框架和核心要素。《死屋手记》对犯人群体形象的现实描绘蕴含着作家的人道主义精神和宗教情怀,"不幸的人"这一关键词凝聚了对俄国和俄国东正教的认同感,实际上从一个独特的角度诠释了东正教的"聚和性"体验,表明了东正教精神与作家的根基主义思想之关系。小说中根基主义思想的核心是追求东正教的认同感,这也是它能引起列夫·托尔斯泰等思想家精神共鸣的真正原因。

Apart from the sensation caused by the first publication, Notes from the Dead House has not received enough attention in the Dostoevsky studies, though it builds up the basic framework and the core elements of Dostoevsky＇s pochvennichestvo. The realistic description of characters＇ profiles in the novel implicates Dostoevsky＇s humanism spirit and his Orthodox solicitude towards criminals. The keyword ＂the unfortunate＂ in the novel explicates the phenomenon of Russia and Russian Orthodox Church identity. Actually ＂the unfortunate＂ embodies both the experience of Orthodox Church idea ＂sobornost＂ from a different point of view and the kinship of Russian orthodox spirit with pochvennichestvo. The pursuit of orthodoxy identification is the core of pochvennichestvoin the novel, which is the real and main reason why Notes from the Dead House strikes a responsive chord in the hearts of Leo Tolstoy and other thinkers.