“斯芬克斯之谜”与西方悲剧人物的伦理悖论

“The Riddle of Sphinx” and Ethical Paradox of the Characters in Western Tragedies

从古希腊悲剧到现代悲剧,各种作品中由于戏剧人物身份困惑而陷入伦理悖论的情节反复出现。根据文学伦理学批评,西方悲剧人物的伦理悖论是伦理选择的结果;伦理悖论的解决取决于"伦理结"是如何解开的,在戏剧人物伦理选择的过程中,伴随着伦理矛盾或化解、转移或终结,伦理悖论最终都得到了解决。文章认为,西方戏剧作品中的悖论问题不单单是因为身份混乱而引发,实际上,构成戏剧的其他诸多要素都可能引发悖论问题,比如戏剧的情感悖论、行动悖论、时空悖论和语言悖论等等,都是西方悲剧悖论研究的范畴。因此,悖论问题研究可以为西方悲剧研究提供新的视角。

From ancient Greek tragedies to modern tragedies, there is a recurrence of the plot that characters slide into ethical paradox due to identity confusion. According to Ethical Literary Criticism, ethical paradox is the result of ethical choice and the solution of ethical paradox depends on the solution of ethical knots in western tragedies. In the process of characters＇ choice, ethical paradox is solved eventually. The article holds that the problem of paradox is not just an outcome of identity confusion of characters in western tragedies. In fact, the paradox of the emotion, action, space-time, language and many elements of a drama could lead to paradox. The study on paradox problems of western tragedies can provide new perspectives for the research on western tragedies.