“神圣的欺骗”——论克尔凯郭尔的作者伦理学

“The Godly Deception”: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Authorship

克尔凯郭尔的"作者伦理学"重新思考了作者对读者的责任,他认为写作中应该使用"欺骗"策略隐藏作者真实意图,让读者阐释作品,并突出作品的独立性。他采用假名、间接沟通、反讽等方式制造阅读障碍,拉开作者与读者间的距离,这种写作方式体现了伦理学吊诡,作者通过"欺骗"教诲读者,而读者在对"欺骗"的反思中才能获得真理。他的作者伦理学旨在反对浪漫主义过度直白的情感表达和黑格尔理性的直接性,凸显读者的主体性和个体性。这种方法承袭苏格拉底"精神助产术"和耶稣布道的方式,对20世纪读者反映论和"作者死了"等观点影响巨大。

Kierkegaard＇s ethics of authorship has redefined the author＇s responsibility to the reader. He believes that a strategy of deception should be employed to hide the author＇s real intention, leaving the readers to interpret the work, and thus revealing the independent status of the work. He uses means like pseudonym, irony, indirect communication intentionally to distance the reader from the author, which establishes an ethical paradox that the author must enlighten the reader through deception, and the reader can only get access to truth through introspection of this deception. Kierkegarrd＇s ethics of authorship contradicts the explicit emotional emission of Romanticism and the blunt expression of Hegel＇s philosophy of rationality, highlighting the reader＇s subjectivity and individuality. Kierkegarrd＇s theory can be traced back to the ways of Socrates＇ ＂spirituak maieutics＂ and Jesus＇ preaching, and has a tremendous impact on the 20 th century literary theories like reader-response criticism.