收入分配决策的情境依赖性及其神经机制研究

Context Dependence of Income Distribution Behavior and Its Neural Mechanisms

分配正义关涉的是如何以一种公平正义的方式在个体之间分配收入,学者们从各领域、各视角提出过诸多可供选择的分配方案与决策。行为实验研究则表明,人们的分配决策会因为给定的收入分配情境的不同而有所改变。这种改变表征着,不同情境下(无知之幕、知晓所在阶层、社会计划者)人们对于个人收益(自利或风险厌恶)和他人收益(公平或社会偏好)之间有着不同的权重偏好。然而,为何分配情境的不同会导致这种偏好动机上的差别,从而影响人们在分配上的行为决策,这一逻辑机理始终没有得到相关实证依据的解释。文章拟利用神经经济学研究方法,试图通过分离各种分配情境下风险偏好与社会偏好对分配决策的各自作用,进而为分配决策的情境依赖性提供神经基础,建立收入分配决策与特定脑区神经活动及相关偏好之间的因果联系。

Fairness and Justice are not only important qualities in the process of human interaction,also premised on maintaining the social order, harmony and stability of the basic norms. Previous experimental studies have shown that although justice is inherent in the human moral sentiments,but often changes in the level of characterization of pro-social behavior because of the vary context. In order to verify the brain mechanism that the impact of various social situations on pro-social behavior regarding of fairness and justice,we used advanced brain stimulation techniques to modulate activities in brain regions related to risk-taking and self-interested preference when they made income allocation decisions under different contexts（ the veil of ignorance,knowing their class,social planner）. In addition,we examined the role of various preferences on decision-making about income allocation under different social contexts by comparing their allocation decisions while receiving stimulation in different brain regions. Therefore,this study can not only verify the context-dependence of pro-social behavior related to fairness and justice,we can also give the neural mechanisms of this context-dependence of pro-social behavior,confirming causality between pro-social behavior and specific brain regions activities and related preferences.