“五四”时期知识分子对待基督教的文化心态——以周作人为例

Cultural Mentality of “May Forth” Intellectuals to Christianity——Taking Zhou Zuoren for Example

"五四"时期知识分子对于基督教抱有既学习又抗拒,既推崇又批判的矛盾态度。周作人从一开始对基督教文化的接受是工具理性的,认为基督教对于"一新中国的人心"很是适宜。基于宗教与文学相通的认识,他结合国民的思想弊病,对基督教文化进行本土化改造和运用。随着非基督教运动的持续开展,国民的民族情绪空前高涨,他最初设想的基督救国道路最终走向了幻灭。这些变化过程,彰显了一代知识分子在中西文化冲突中对待基督教的复杂态度,以及在国家民族危亡之时启蒙知识分子的救国情怀。

During the ＂May Forth＂ period, intellectuals held a contradictory attitude towards Christianity： both absorbing and resisting, both highly praising and criticizing. At the beginning, Zhou Zuoren’s acceptance of Christian culture is instrumental and rational, believing that Christian is appropriate for ＂the new people in China.＂ Based on the understanding of the connection of religion and literature, he combined the national ideological ills to localize and apply Christian culture. With the continuous development of nonChristian movements, the national sentiment of the nation is unprecedentedly high. The path of Christ’s salvation, which he initially envisaged, finally came to an end. Zhou Zuoren’s changing process of the attitude toward Christianity during the May Fourth period demonstrates the complex attitude of a generation of intellectuals to treat Christianity in the conflict between Chinese and Western cultures, and the enlightenment of the intellectuals to save the nation when it was in danger.