美国金融制度变迁的政治因素

Political Factors of the Evolution of American Financial System

在美国金融制度的变革和演进过程中,政治因素发挥了重要作用。政治体制上的联邦制成为金融制度变迁的制约力量;联邦主义、民主共和主义和大众民主主义等多元化政治理念反映出不同利益集团的政治经济诉求,构成金融制度变迁的内在动力;美国联邦政府则成为金融制度变迁的主导者,并与地方政府进行不断的利益博弈;政治人物是金融制度变迁台前幕后的推手。美国金融制度的发展和变革不仅是经济和市场行为,而且在很大程度上体现了金融与政治的共生机制。美国金融是天生的政治金融,金融技术早已嵌入国家利益和复杂的政治生态之中。

Political factors have played an important role in the changing and evolution of American financial system. Federalism has become the restricting force of the chan- ging of financial system. Diversified political ideas and theories, such as the Federalism, Democratic Republicanism, and Popular Democracy, which reflected the political and economic demands of different interest groups, have constituted the internal impetus of financial system changing. In the evolution of financial system, the federal government of United States not only have become the dominant player, but also played games with local governments. Besides, politicians are always the driving force, too. The developing and transformation of American financial system is not only the economic and market behavior, and to a large extent, it also reflects the symbiosis mechanism between the financial sector and the politics. The financial sector is naturally political, and the financial technology has long been embedded in the national interests and complex political ecology.