家长知信行模式对学生意外伤害发生的影响分析

Influence of knowledge, attitude and practice pattern of parents on accidental injury among pupils

目的了解广州市某区小学生的伤害现状及其家长知信行模式,探讨家长伤害相关知识、家长风险行为、对孩子的教育程度、家长周围的环境规范情况及家长的风险感知与学生伤害发生之间的关联,为广州市某区小学生伤害发生的干预提供理论依据。方法采用2阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取广州市某区4所小学1 029名学生家长,采用自行编制的问卷对符合纳入标准的对象进行1年内学生伤害发生情况、学生家长意外伤害相关知识的认知和知晓、风险行为、对孩子的教育程度、家长周围的环境规范及风险感知情况等调查。数据采用Epi Data 3.1软件建立数据库,使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果 1 029名学生家长参与调查,1年内共有159名学生发生伤害,男生伤害发生率为19.0%(101/532),女生伤害发生率为11.7%(58/497),差异有统计学意义。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,家长伤害相关知识得分≥9分、家长认为自己对孩子的伤害负有完全或部分责任是学生伤害发生的保护因素;家长身边有发生过或有听说过因意外事故造成孩子伤亡的案例、家长曾因自己的疏忽导致孩子发生伤害是学生伤害发生的危险因素。结论小学生的伤害发生受学生性别、家长伤害相关知识得分、家长的风险感知等多方面因素的共同影响。应采取积极有效的预防及干预措施,提高家长伤害相关知识知晓及其对孩子伤害发生的重视,增强责任感,以减少小学生伤害的发生。

Objective To understand the current status of injury among pupils and the knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP） pattern of parents in a district of Guangzhou City, and explore the correlation between the injury and the pattern.Methods A total of 1 029 parents of the pupils who were selected from 4 primary schools of a district in Guangzhou City were sampled by the two-phase stratified random cluster sampling method, and a retrospective investigation was conducted on the situation of accidental injuries during 1 year and the KAP status of the parents. Epi Data 3.1 software was used to record data and SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data, which included the analysis of chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1 029 patriarchs of the primary school pupils involved in the questionnaire survey. Totally159 pupils had injury in the last year. The incidence of injury was 19.0% in the males and it was 11.7% in the females, and there was a significant difference（χ2=10.524, P=0.001）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the scores of injury related knowledge were equal or higher than 9. That the patriarchs considered they themselves were responsible for their children＇s injuries was a protective factor, while that the patriarchs had heard of accidental injury from their acquaintances or there were injury accidents around their surroundings, and injuries among children had been caused by patriarchs＇ negligence were risk factors. Conclusion Overall, the injuries among primary school pupils are influenced by the sex of pupils, the injury related knowledge of the patriarchs, risk perception of the patriarchs, and so on. So, the targeted measures should be made to prevent and control the accidental injuries of primary school pupils in the district.