小学生父母对子女精神暴力的初步研究

Apilot study of psychological violence against children by parents

目的了解小学生父母对子女精神暴力行为的发生情况,探讨影响家长精神暴力行为的因素。方法在某城市1所小学对128名小学生父母进行不记名自填式问卷调查。研究内容主要包括一般人口学指标、家长对儿童的精神暴力行为、家长对精神暴力行为的认识、对体罚管教子女的态度等。结果在被调查的128名小学生家长中,有35.9%的家长报告在调查前的最近3个月,曾对孩子有过下列1项或以上的精神暴力:用"愚蠢"、"丑陋"、"笨"等词责骂孩子(26.6%)、威胁孩子要将他赶出家门(10.2%)、对孩子说过希望他不存在(7.8%)、在他人面前羞辱孩子,让孩子感到自己坏、笨或毫无价值(6.3%)、威胁孩子要严重伤害他(4.7%)。与对精神暴力伤害认识水平低的家长比较,对精神暴力伤害认识水平高的家长,其对儿童精神暴力行为的发生率明显低(46.2%vs.20%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。结论小学生父母对子女精神暴力行为较为常见。要重视在小学生家长中开展预防教育,提高家长对精神暴力危害的认识。

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the rate of and related risk factors for psychological violence by parents against their children. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted anonymously in 128 parents of school-age children in a primary school of a city. The study contents mainly included general demographic indicators,parents＇ psychological violence behaviours to their children,parents＇ awareness on psychological violence,and the attitudes toward corporal punishment disciplining children. Results Of 128 parents,35. 9% reported that they had one or more forms of following psychological violence behaviors to their children during the past three months： called a child ugly or foolish,or some other name like that（26. 6%）;Threatened to kick the child out of the family（10. 2%）; cursed a child that he/she had never been born（7. 8%）; Insulted or humiliated the child in front of others（made the children feel bad,stupid or worthless）（6. 3%）; threatened to seriously hurt the child（4. 7%）. Compared with the parents who with lower level of awareness on psychological violence,the parents with high level of awareness on psychological violence reported obvioursly lower rate of psychological violence behaviors（46. 2% vs. 20%）. The difference was significant（P = 0. 003）. Conclusion Parents＇ psychological violence behaviours to their childen was common. More attentions should be paid to conductpsychological violence prevention education among parents of school-age children,and to increase the parents＇ awareness on psychological violence problem.