土地供给结构扭曲与中国城市化滞后

Land Supply Structure Distortion and China's under Urbanization

本文基于2009—2013年中国282个地级市及以上城市的面板数据,研究了土地供给结构扭曲对城市化滞后于工业化的影响及其作用机制。理论分析表明,在土地垄断供给制度下,地方政府大量低价供给工业用地、少量高价供给商住用地造成土地供给结构扭曲,是导致城市化滞后于工业化的一个重要原因。根据地级市层面工业用地和商住用地的供给构成情况,本文选取商住用地供给比重构造了土地供给结构扭曲的负向指标。实证结果表明,土地供给结构扭曲显著扩大了城市化和工业化的差距,商住用地供给比重越低,城市化滞后于工业化程度越严重。进一步的影响机制分析发现,土地供给结构扭曲主要通过住房价格、产业结构资本密集化、所有制结构偏向和财政支出结构偏向的途径影响城市化滞后。因此,要想实现城市化与工业化平衡联动发展,一个有效的途径就是推进土地供给的市场化改革,平衡工业用地和商住用地的供给。

Based on the panel data of China＇s prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2013, this paper studies the effect of land supply structure distortion on the lag of urbanization. Under the background of monopolistic land supply, land supply structure distortion resulting from the local government higher supply of industrial lands and lower supply of commercial and residential lands, is an important reason for urbanization lags behind industrialization. Using the supply composition of industrial land and commercial and residential land, we construct a measure of land supply structure distortion. It is shows that land supply structure distortion significantly expand the gap between urbanization and industrialization, and lower proportion of commercial and residential land leads to higher extent of under urbanization. This result holds after a series robust test and instrumental variables test. Further function mechanism research shows that land supply structure distortion affects under urbanization primarily through the channel of housing price, industrial structure capital intensive, ownership bias and fiscal expenditure structure bias. Therefore, in order to narrow the gap between urbanization and industrialization, it is important to promote the market-oriented reform of land supply, balance the supply of industrial land and commercial and residential land.