南极磷虾生物量估算方法

Methods for biomass estimation of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba): a review

南极磷虾是南大洋生态系统食物网中的关键种,在南大洋中上层生态系统中起着至关重要的连接作用,其资源的养护和持续利用受到国际社会日益关注。磷虾研究已有90多年的历史,其生物量及其分布一直是研究的重点。生物量评估方法也在不断发展,从早期的浮游动物干重法、生产量与生物量比例系数转换法,到网具采样法以及现在流行的声学法,评估手段也变得更为高效。本文通过系统梳理磷虾生物量的主要评估方法,分析其优缺点,并着重从磷虾目标强度模型(TS)参数的海上实测、声学数据中磷虾信号的提取,磷虾单位平方海里声学反射系数(NASC)的计算,基于渔船声学数据修正磷虾渔业单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE),基于渔船声学数据的磷虾集群、洄游和渔场形成机制研究等5个方面对现行生物量声学评估法提出改进建议,提高资源评估的精度,以期为磷虾生物资源的开发与管理提供科学依据。

Antarctic krill（Euphausia superba） is a key species in the Antarctic marine food web, which plays an important role in the southern ocean pelagic ecosystem. History of krill research has 90 years, the information of biomass and its distribution has been the focus of krill research, and the study methods have constantly been developed. From the early zooplankton dry weight method, then replaced by the conversion factors of production to biomass method（consumption of predators, primary production, larval abundance of krill）, nets sample method,and now widely used acoustic method. This review analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each method,puts forward some suggestions for improvement of the current acoustic biomass assessment method from the five aspects of in-situ measurement of krill target strength model parameters, krill detection from the acoustic data, calculation of the krill nautical area scattering coefficients, correction of the krill fishery CPUE based on fishing vessel acoustic data, study on the krill swarm and fishery ground based on fishing vessel acoustic data which could provide a scientific basis for our country＇s Antarctic krill biological resources development and management.