寄生植物和寄主间的分子交流研究进展

Research progresses in molecular communication between parasitic plants and hosts

寄生植物和寄主植物间存在广泛的物质、能量和信息交流事件。寄生植物通过吸器从寄主吸收所需的多种矿物质元素,以及氨基酸、糖类、中间代谢产物等营养物质。此外,寄生植物与其寄主还进行着诸如蛋白质、RNA等大分子物质,及病毒、类病毒、植原体等微生物的交流。研究表明,mRNA在寄生植物和寄主间进行着大量的转移,其结构和功能的特异性可能对转移起着决定性的作用。对寄生植物来说,部分mRNA可能在寄生过程和调节自身生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。本文对近年来寄生植物和寄主间的分子交流事件的相关报道进行综述,其中着重讨论mRNA转移的研究进展,以期对转移mRNA的结构和转移机理有进一步了解,同时对mRNA转移在寄生植物-寄主系统中的角色进行定位,为研究不同寄生系统中的mRNA转移奠定基础。

Wide range of material exchange occurs between parasitic plants and their hosts. The parasitic plants absorb variety of necessary mineral elements and also nutrient substances such as amino acids, sugars and intermediate metabolites from the host through haustoria. In addition, parasitic plants and their hosts exchange viruses, viroids, phytoplasma and large molecules such as proteins and RNA. Recent studies have shown that some mRNAs are exchanged between parasitic plants and their hosts. As a signal molecule, mRNA may play an important role in the process of parasitism, and the specificity of its structure and function may also play a crucial role in its transfer event. At the same time, the absorbed RNA from hosts might regulate growth and development of parasitic plants. This paper reviewed the recent reports on the molecular transfer between host and parasite and highlighted the research progress in mRNA exchange. Our aim is to lay the foundation for the study of RNA exchange in different parasitic systems by illustrating the structure and mechanism of transfer RNA and orientating their roles in parasite-host systems.