整合与重构:晚清以来苏州评弹听客群体的性别与阶层

Integration and Reconstruction: the Gender and Class of the Audience of Suzhou Pingtan since Late Qing Dynasty

苏州评弹的听客群体自晚清以来经历了三个阶段的显著变化。从"性别与阶层"角度来看,晚清时期的听客有传统的文人群体、新兴的商人群体以及为数不多的女性听客;民国年间听客群体以市民阶层为中坚力量,遍及社会各个阶层和性别;中华人民共和国时期,在国家政策影响下,苏州评弹以工农兵群体为主要的目标听客,但也吸引了学生等群体驻足聆听。可以说,听客群体的整合与重构既和评弹的商业化有关,又和社会结构变迁密切相连。

The audience group of Suzhou Pingtan, i.e. story-telling and ballad singing in Suzhou dialect, has gone three different stages of significant changes since the late Qing Dynasty. Seen from the perspective of gender and class, in late Qing Dynasty, the audience of Suzhou Pingtan was consisted of traditional literati group, emerging merchant group, and a minority of female listeners. In the Republican period, the citizen stratum was the hard core of the audience, involving all stratums and genders of people. In the era of the People's Republic of China, under the influence of national policies, the target audience of Suzhou Pingtan generally includes workers,peasants and soldiers, while some students are fascinated with it as well.It can be said that the integration and reconstruction of the audience of Suzhou Pingtan is both related to its commercialization and closely related to social structure changes.