道德政治与功利政治:墨法两家治国理念之对比

Moralistic politics and utilitarian politics——Comparison of Country Governing Ideas Between Mohist School and Legalist School

在中国政治思想史上,有两种完全对立的国家治理模型。一种是墨家的道德政治,其基本理念是培养君子、尚贤尚同、崇尚节俭、兼爱非攻。另一种是法家的功利政治,其基本理念是依法治国、以术治臣、以势束己、富国强兵。从中国历史进程看,前者既不适用于社会转型期,也不大适用于社会稳定期;后者适用于社会转型期,有利于国际竞争,而不适用于社会稳定期。借鉴历史经验,因时而用,此乃长治久安之道。

In the history of Chinese political thought, there were two completely opposed national governance models. One was Mohist School's moralistic politics, the basic ideas of which were to cultivate gentlemen,exalt the virtuous, identify with the superior, advocate thrift, agree with universal love and non-attack.The other was Legalist School's utilitarian politics, the basic ideas of which were to rule the country by law, rule the subjects by Shu, constrain the king himself with power, make the country rich and its military force efficient. From the historical process of China, the former was neither suitable for social transformation nor for social stability, and the latter was suitable for social transformation and international competition, but not suitable for social stability. Learning from historical experience and using differently accord to the times is a way of achieving long-term political stability.