央地关系、地方保护与我国各省产能利用率的实证分析

Empirical Research on Central-Provincial Governmental Relationship,Local Protection and Capacity Utilization in China

使用数据包络分析法（DEA）测度了中国各省的产能利用率情况,发现我国大部分地区存在着产能过剩,相比于东部地区,西部地区和东北地区的产能利用率更为不足。实证分析发现,地方获得的来自中央的转移支付越多,产能利用率越低,产能过剩越严重;地方的市场分割不一定会抑制产能利用率,但是地方市场分割会加剧转移支付对产能利用率的抑制作用,产能过剩也会越严重。实证结论可以为中国产能越治理越过剩现象提供一个良好的解释视角。研究结果表明,建立透明规范的转移支付制度、合理使用转移支付资金,以及打破地方市场分割,加快市场一体化建设对化解我国各地产能过剩至关重要。

This paper estimates the capacity utilization based on provincial data by data envelopment analysis （DEA）. Resuits show that overcapacity exists in most parts of China. Compared with the eastern region, the capacity utilization in the western region and northeastern region is lower. The empirical analysis shows that the more local transfers from the central government, the lower capacity utilization and the more severe overcapacity. The greater the market segmentation index, the deeper the degree of local protection, then the lower capacity utilization and the more severe overcapacity. The market segmentation can exacerbate the inhibition effect of transfer payment on capacity utilization. The findings can provide a good explanation for the phenomenon of excess capacity in China. In order to eliminate the excess production capacity, it is essential to establish a transparent and standardized transfer payment system, reasonable use of transfer payment funds, break the local market segmentation, speed up the construction of market integration and take advantage of the economies of scale.