秸秆还田条件下小麦播前整地机的设计与试验

Design and test of soil preparation machine under the condition of straw returned and before wheat sowing

针对河北省玉米小麦一年两熟种植区,小麦播前旋耕整地后存在播种土壤层秸秆含量大和坚硬的旋耕作业犁底层等问题,研制出1GFX—200型翻旋耕小麦播前整地机,并对机具的结构参数进行分析和确定。田间试验结果表明,研制出1GFX—200型翻旋耕小麦播前整地机能够在秸秆覆盖量达到3kg/m^2的顺利通过,耕深为18~20cm,整地后播种层0~5cm土壤1m^2秸秆量为0.049kg/m^2,低于旋耕整地后播种层0~5cm土壤1m^2秸秆量0.096kg/m^2,为小麦种子生长创造出良好的种床。

For planting area of Hebei province corn and wheat are two crops a year,the problem that the percentage of the straw in the sowing soil layer is high and hard soil layer under the plowing after soil preparation by rotary tillage and before wheat sowing cultivator,so we developed rotary and turn tillage soil preparation machine before wheat sowing.At the same time equipment and structural parameters were analyzed and identified.Field test results showed that the rotary and turn tillage soil preparation machine can go through the soil covered by straw which reached 2 kg/m^2.Tillage depth was 18~20 cm.The straw volume of 0~5 cm seeding soil layer after soil preparation was 0.049 kg/m^2,which was lower than the straw volume of 0~5 cm seeding soil layer which was0.096 kg/m^2 after rotary tillage soil preparation that provided good seed bed for the growing of wheat seeds.