超深竖井建设基础理论与发展趋势

Basic Theory and Development Trends of Ultra-deep Shaft Construction

简述深井开采定义及其需要考虑的因素,借以区分"深井开采"与"深竖井"定义,包括不同国家对超深井开采界定深度,提出深井开采应注意的关键问题:采动地压与调控、降温技术;总结国外不同国家深井开采生产基本情况与深竖井建设情况,分析不同国家深井开采存在的区别;对当前我国在(拟)建深井矿山进行统计、总结,当前我国超深竖井建设主要在黄金、有色与铁矿行业,建设深度主要集中在1 500 m;与国外相比,我国深井开采矿山矿石种类单一、矿石品位较低。在超深竖井理论分析方面,分别从超深竖井井筒围岩应力解析、井筒断面结构设计、井壁支护结构等方面,详细介绍当前理论与设计存在的问题,提出目前我国超深竖井建设需要解决的核心理论与关键技术。在超深竖井建设技术方面,分别从凿岩爆破、综合化机械施工、吊盘以及钢丝绳提升等方面,详细叙述我国超深竖井建设存在的问题。针对复杂应力环境下超深竖井井筒围岩稳定性控制,提出(类)椭圆形井筒结构及释能井壁支护形式;系统介绍了凿井设备、吊盘以及钢丝绳等研究进展,为我国超深竖井建设提供借鉴。

The definition of deep mining and its considering influence factors are introduced,which can be helpful to differentitate ＂deep mining＂and ＂deep shaft＂.Meanwhile,the critical depth of ultra-deep shaft also is given according to the requirement of different countries.The key problems of deep mining are high stress induced by deep mining,dynamic controlling and cooling technique.This issue summarizes the basic conditions of deep mining,the development of deep shaft construction,and analyzes also the distinction of deep mining in different countries in the world.The under（ proposed） constructions of ultradeep shaft in China have been statistics and summary.The constructions of deep shaft mainly distribute in the Gold,Non-ferrous and Iron industry,and the depth of shaft construction is about 1 500 m.In contrast to other countries,the deep mines have single kind ore and low grade in China.For theoretical analysis of ultra-deep shaft,the stress analysis of surrounding rockmass,design of cross-section shape and shaft lining respectively have been analyzed,and the key problem of theory and technique have been presented in deep shaft construction in China.For the sinking technique,the problems of drilling and blasting,systematic mechanized construction,platform and steel ropes respectively have been introduced in detail in China.On account of the stability of ultra-deep shaft under the complex stress circumstances,the elliptic structure and energy absorbing lining of shaft has been provided.The research progress of sinking equipment,platform and steel rope was also introduced,which can provide reference for the construction of ultra-deep shaft in China.