铜钼混合精矿浮选分离工艺及分离抑制剂研究进展

Research Progress of Flotation Separation and Separation Depressants of Copper-Molybdenum Mixed Concentrate

铜钼硫化矿常常紧密共生而且可浮性相近,二者的浮选分离一直是科研工作者研究的重点。从工艺和药剂2个方面对铜钼混合精矿的浮选分离进行了介绍。铜钼浮选常采用混合浮选工艺,黄铜矿和辉钼矿在与捕收剂作用后,二者的可浮性差异减小,在对二者进行浮选分离前,通常先进行脱药预处理,以降低抑制剂的使用量。常见的预处理工艺有加热处理、浓缩脱药处理、氧化脱药处理、等离子体处理等。针对铜钼分离工艺存在的问题,选矿工作者提出了充氮浮选、浮选柱分离、脉动高梯度磁选分离、加温分离等铜钼分离工艺。介绍了铜钼浮选分离过程关键药剂抑制剂的种类及应用情况。无机抑制剂有硫化钠类、氰化物、诺克斯类药剂等,有机抑制剂有巯基类、硫代类、黄原酸类等。指出在进行铜钼浮选分离之前铜钼混合精矿的预处理方法需要进一步优化,以增加黄铜矿与辉钼矿的可浮性差异。现在工业上使用的铜钼分离抑制剂仍然存在易氧化、药耗大、毒性高、价格贵等缺陷,需要加大投入进行高效、低毒、价廉、易降解的新型浮选抑制剂的开发。

Copper and molybdenum sulfide ores are usually closely associated and have similar floatability. The flotation separation of copper-molybdenum sulfide ore has always been the focus of researchers. The floatation separation of copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate was introduced from two aspects of process and pharmacy.Mixed flotation process is often used in the copper-molybdenum flotation,and the floatability difference between chalcopyrite and molybdenite decreased after they interact with the collector,prior to the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite,pretreatment is usually carried out to reduce the use of depressants.Common pretreatment processes include heating treatment,concentration removal treatment,oxidation removal,plasma treatment and so on. For the problems existing in copper-molybdenum separation process,mineral processing workers put forward lots of new copper-molybdenum separation processes such as nitrogen-filled flotation,flotation column separation,pulsing high-gradient magnetic separation,and heating separation.The types and application of depressants for copper-molybdenum flotation separation were introduced. Inorganic inhibitors include sodium sulfide,cyanide,and noke＇s agent,organic depressants include sulfhydryls,thios,xanthogens,etc. It is pointed out that before copper-molybdenum flotation separation,the pretreatment method of copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate needs further optimization to increase the difference of floatability between chalcopyrite and molybdenite.The copper-molybdenum separation depressants currently used in industry still have defects such as easy oxidation,high consumption,high toxicity,and high price.Therefore,it is necessary to increase investment in the development of new flotation depressant reagents with high efficiency,low toxicity,low cost and easy degradation.