华北大黑鳃金龟聚集信息素的分离鉴定及其引诱效果

Identification and bioassay of aggregation pheromone components of northern China scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita

为确定华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita聚集行为产生的原因和是否存在聚集素,采用Y型嗅觉仪和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS),观测试虫聚集行为、鉴定后肠粗提物主要成分及其生物活性。结果表明,在华北大黑鳃金龟雄虫后肠粗提物中发现了顺-9-十八烯醛和乙酸顺-9-十八烯酯等活性物质;与对照相比,100μg/mL和200μg/mL浓度的顺-9-十八烯醛对华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫具有显著的引诱效果,100μg/mL浓度引诱的雌、雄虫数分别为119头和102头,显著多于对照(分别为60头和75头);而100μg/mL和50μg/mL浓度的乙酸顺-9-十八烯酯浓度对雌、雄虫具有显著的引诱效果。当顺-9-十八烯醛与2-乙基-1-己醇混合比例分别为3∶1和5∶1时,华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄虫对混合物的选择性显著高于对照。当乙酸顺-9-十八烯酯与榆树挥发物混合比例为3∶1、5∶1时,对华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫的引诱性显著高于对照;当混合比例为5∶1和7∶1时,对华北大黑鳃金龟雄虫的引诱显著高于对照。表明顺-9-十八烯醛和乙酸顺-9-十八烯酯可能是华北大黑鳃金龟聚集信息素的主要成分。

To examine the aggregation behavior of northern China scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita in the laboratory, and screen the potential intraspecific aggregation pheromone of this species, their aggregation behavior was observed, and the main components of crude extract and biological activity were identified by using Y-olfactometer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer（GC-MS）. The results showed that Z-9-octadecanoic aldehyde and Z-9-octadecene acetate and other active substances were found in the hindgut extracts of male, in which both female and male adults were significantly baited by Z-9-octadecanoic aldehyde at a rate of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/m L compared with the control. At the rate of 100 μg/mL, the number of attractant insects of female and male were 119 and 102, respectively,which was significantly more than that of the control（60 and 75）. Moreover, there was a significant attraction for both male and female when Z-9-octadecene acetate was presented at the concentrations of100 μg/m L and 50 μg/mL. When mixed with the elm tree volatile（2-ethyl-1-hexanol） in different proportions, both male and female exhibited significant preference to the mixture of Z-9-octadecanoic aldehyde at the proportions of 3∶1 and 5∶1. When Z-9-octadecene acetate and the elm tree volatile were mixed at 3∶1 and 5∶1 ratio, there was a notable effect in seducing female. In addition, there was a significant attraction effect at 5∶1 and at 7∶1 ratio for male. The results suggested that Z-9-octadecanoic aldehyde and Z-9-octadecene acetate were probably the components of the aggregation pheromone of H.oblita.