家庭环境、教养方式和人格对青少年心理障碍的影响路径

Effect and it＇s path of family environment, rearing style, and personality on adolescents with mental disorder

目的探讨家庭环境、教养方式和人格特征对青少年心理健康的影响路径。方法用家庭环境问卷、家庭教养方式问卷、大五人格问卷和百项心理症状问卷调查200名心理障碍青少年（病例组）和228名正常青少年（对照组），采用回归分析和路径分析探讨家庭教养方式、家庭环境、人格特征对心理健康的影响和影响路径。结果病例组心理症状总分[（204．0±68．6）分]高于对照组[（146．9±38．4）分]，差异有统计学意义（t=10．43，P〈0．01）；回归分析显示：母亲管教．控制（β=-0．249）、父亲理解-责备（β=-0．195）、母亲温情-粗暴（β=-0．228）和母亲接纳-拒绝（β=0．201）等教养方式（R2=0．208），矛盾性（β=0．309）、组织性（β=-0．196）和情感表达（β=-0．141）等家庭环境（R2=0．244）及神经质（β=0．412）、宜人性（β=-0．237）和严谨性（β=-0．203）等人格特质（R2=0．452）对心理健康有显著影响；路径分析显示：人格特质直接影响心理健康（β=-0．90），教养方式通过人格间接影响心理健康（β=0．51），家庭环境对心理健康有直接（β=0．20）和间接（β=0．72）影响，模型拟合良好（χ2／df=2．160，RMSEA=0．052，GFI=0．88，AGFI=0．84，PGFI=0．67，NFI=0．91，RFI=0．89，RFI=0．95，TLI=0．94，CFI=0．95），可解释症状总分61％的变异。结论教养方式、家庭环境和人格对心理健康有显著影响，人格是影响心理健康的重要中介变量，教养方式主要通过人格间接影响心理健康，家庭环境对心理健康有直接和间接双重影响。

Objective To investigate the comprehensive effect and impact path of family environment, rearing style and personality on adolescents with mental disorder.Methods A sample of 200 adolescents with mental disorders and 228 normal adolescents were tested with Family Environment Scale （FES- CV） ,Family Upbringing Style Questionnaire（FUSO） ,Big Five Personality Qnestionnaire（NEO-FFI-R） and Psychological Symptom Inventory-100（PSI-100） .Regression analysis and path analysis were used to explore influence and path of rearing style, family environment and personality on mental health. Results The total score PSI-IO0 in case group （204.0±68.6） was higher than that in control group （146.9±38.4） （t= 10.43, P〈0.01 ）.Regression analysis revealed that mental health was affected by rearing style （R2= 0.208） such as mother supervision-control （β = - 0.249 ） , father understands-blame （β=- 0.195 ）, mother warmth-wildness （β= -0.228） and mother acceptance-rejection （β= 0.201 ） ,family environment （R2 = 0.244） such as conflict （β=- 0.309）, organization （β= -0.196） and expressiveness （β= -0.141 ）, and personality traits （ R2 = 0.452） such as neuroticism （β= 0.412）, agreeableness （β= -0.237） and conscientiousness （β= -0.203） .Path Analysis showed that personality traits directly affected mental health （β=-0.90） , parenting style indirectly in- fluenced mental health （β= 0.51 ） by personality, the family environment had direct （,8= 0.20） and indirect （β= 0.72） effects on mental health, and the model fits well （ χ2/df = 2.160, RMSEA = 0.052, GFI = 0.88, AGFI = 0.84, PGFI = 0.67, NFI - 0. 91, RFI = 0.89, IFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95 ） , and three factors ex-plained 61% of variation on symptom total score. Conclusion The family environment, family upbringing style and personality traits have significant effect on the adolescent＇s mental disorder.The personality traits are the most important variables affecting mental health family upbringing style affect mental health indirectly through personality traits ,and family environment directly and indirectly affected on the mental health.