艾比湖典型区域景观格局及累积环境效应研究

Analysis of the Environmental Cumulative Effects and Landscape Pattern in the Typical Region of Ebinur Lake

选取新疆艾比湖典型区域为研究区,以1990、1998、2010和2013年的Landsat卫星影像为基础数据源,通过RS、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,采用5种景观格局指数分析了景观变化及累积环境效应。结果表明:(1)1990-2013年间景观格局变化较大,斑块数增长33.9%,除林地、水体和其它类型土地面积,其余斑块面积都有所增加,景观优势度从0.80减小到0.47,均匀度从0.59增加到0.76,景观类型向多样性、均匀性发展。景观破碎化程度降低,但人类对景观干扰度仍然增强。(2)产生的环境累积效应包括荒漠化和盐渍化程度加深,生态系统服务价值降低等方面。(3)综合了艾比湖自然与人为因素分析研究1990-2013年的湖面面积变化的因素,得出艾比湖湖面面积与蒸发量、总人口、耕地面积、牲畜和沙尘日数的相关性较好。该研究对保护艾比湖典型区域自然保护区,控制工农业生产规模,发展生态农业和工业循环经济等提供依据,对艾比湖典型区域生态系统有着重要意义。

Taking the typical region of Ebinur Lake as the study area, supported by Landsat images in 1990, 1998, 2011 and2013, based on RS, GIS and landscape ecology methods, the landscape pattern changes and their cumulative environmental effects were studied with five landscape pattern index. The results show that the landscape pattern changed a lot between the years 1990-2013. It has 33.9% growth in number of patches. All the plaque area increased, except forest land, water and other types of land. Landscape uniformity increased from 0.59 to 0.76, dominance decreased from 0.80 to 0.47. Landscape types have the trend of diversity and evenness. The degree of landscape fragmentation has decreased, but human disturbance on the landscape has enhanced. The environmental cumulative effects including the water area is shrinking, and the degree of desertification and salinization is more serious, the ecosystem service value reduced. The relationship was established between Ebinur Lake and pressure factors through multiple linear regression equation, and it was found that there has a good correlation between Ebinur Lake and evaporation capacity, total population, cultivated area, livestock and sand dust days. The study would provide a basis for the protection of the typical region of Ebinur Lake, Basin Nature Reserve, controlling the scale of industrial and agricultural production, developing the ecological agriculture and industrial recycling economy, which has the great significance to the ecosystem of Ebinur Lake watershed.