道路交通碳排放权交易研究现状与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Road Transport Carbon Emissions Trading

道路交通碳排放由于占比大且持续增长已成为全球气候变化治理的焦点.面对现有减排政策的不确定性与反弹效应,基于总量控制与市场机制的碳排放权交易将成为未来道路交通碳排放治理的重要手段.综述了道路交通碳排放权交易的研究现状,根据碳排放权交易受控主体不同,将其分为上游、中游、下游3种交易机制,分别论述了这3种机制的研究进展,并对比总结了各自的配额原则、作用机理与优缺点.为实现道路交通碳排放3个驱动因素即燃料排放因子、车辆能耗强度、交通活动需求的协同优化,提出建立政府—企业—居民协同共治的道路交通碳排放权交易机制的政策建议,并分析了其基本原理以及未来的研究方向.

Road transport carbon emission is the focus of global climate change governance accounting for a large proportion and continuing to grow. In the face of the uncertainty and rebound effect of existing emission reduction policies, the carbon emissions trading which is based on the total control and market mechanism becomes an important means of controlling carbon emission in road transport sector. This paper reviews the research status of road transport carbon emission trading. According to the main body of emission trading who holds the carbon allowance, the road transport carbon emission trading can be divided into three trading mechanisms： up-stream, mid-stream and down- stream. The progress of these three mechanisms are discussed, and the respective quota principles, mechanisms of action, the advantages and disadvantages are compared. In order to realize the collaborative optimization on three driving factors of road traffic carbon emission： fuel emission factor, vehicle energy consumption rate and traffic activity demand, this paper proposes to establish a carbon emission trading scheme for road transport sector based on government- enterprise-resident collaborative governance. The principles and future directions of this new scheme are analyzed.