美国就业汉教硕士成长历程的叙事比较研究及其对国际汉语师资培养的启示

A Narrative Comparison of MTCSOL Graduates Employed in America and the Inspirations for International Chinese Teacher Education

本文通过对16位在美国对口就业的汉语国际教育硕士进行叙事比较研究发现:多数人自中小学时代就对语文和英语有浓厚兴趣;都有强烈的出国学习和发展动机;都认为英语能力非常重要;家庭都支持出国学习就业;都经过中外联合培养;进入美国后都以积极心态融入美国社会;在做出是否出国的决定时,导师及学院都发挥重要引导作用;都认为实习对就业具有重要意义;在美国从事中小学汉语教学的最大问题是工作签证问题。作者还提出了该研究对国际汉语师资培养的四点启示:"双语双文化"是国际汉语师资培养中需要高度重视的基本素养;中外联合培养是促进"走出去"和"走进去"汉语师资培养的最佳途径;定向分层培养是加强国际汉语师资培养针对性的重要措施;教学实习实践是培养学生专业兴趣并促进顺利就业的重要环节。

Through a narrative comparison of 16 MTCSOL(Master of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages) graduates employed in the United States, the article fi nds that most of them share the following features: a keen interest in Chinese and English since primary and middle school; strongly motivated to study and work abroad; belief in the importance of English; strong family support for going abroad to study and work; Sino-foreign joint education; positive attitude towards blending into the American society; encouragement from mentors or the college in making decisions about whether to go abroad; belief in the importance of internship to employment. The biggest difficulty for them to teach in primary and secondary schools in the United States is to get a work visa. Four inspirations have been drawn from the comparison. First, being bilingual/bicultural is a basic quality which needs to be highly valued in the training of international Chinese teachers. Second, Sino-foreign joint training is the best way to promote Chinese teachers' "going out/global"and "going in". Third, needs-oriented stratified training is an important measure to strengthen the education of international Chinese teachers. Fourth, teaching internship is an important step to cultivate students' professional interest and promote employment success.