公众参与中国环境治理的逻辑:理论、实践和模式

The Logic of Public Participation in Environmental Governance in China: Theory, Practice and Pattern

人民当家做主是我国宪法赋予公民的权利。"美丽中国"建设不断改善环境治理效果,理念与技术的变革使公众参与环境治理备受关注,公众参与的张力逐渐打破"自上而下"治理机制的局限性,实现环境治理模式的创新。有别于欧美的协商参与,中国环境治理中的公众参与在独特的社会背景下有其独特内涵。宏观层面,中国近二十年里,公众参与环境治理的需求急速增长,公众逐渐由"环境关心"转变到"环境行动",公众的崛起正在打破环境保护的力量格局。微观层面,公众参与的内容扩充和渠道扩展加快了环境治理速度与成效,促使了"象征参与—实质参与—科学参与"的路径转变,公众受教育水平和政府的治理决心是公众参与效率的决定因素。科学有效的公众参与给环境综合治理提供了新的思路,系统研究公众参与的机制,为环境"三方共治"的实践提供理论基础,为"绿水青山就是金山银山"的理论提供实践方案。

People＇s mastership is the constitutional right granted to citizens.The construction of＂Wild China＂constantly improves the effectiveness of environmental governance.The changes in philosophy and technology make public participation in environmental governance with great concern.The tension of public participation gradually breaks the limitation of fromtop-to-bottom governance mechanism and innovates the environmental governance pattern.Differing from the negotiating participation of European countries,the public participation in environmental governance in China has its own connotation under the unique social background.At the macro level,the demand for public participation in environmental governance has risen sharply in the past 20 years in China.The public has gradually shifted from＂environmental concern＂to＂environmental action.＂The rise of the public is breaking the power pattern of environmental protection.At the microcosmic level,the content expansion and channel expansion of public participation has accelerated the speed and effectiveness of environmental governance,shifted the governance path from symbol participation to scientific participation,public education level and government＇s determination to govern are the two key factors of public participation.Scientific and effective public participation provides a new way of thinking about the comprehensive management of the environment.Systematically analyzing the mechanism of public participation provides a theoretical basis for the ＂tripartite communism＂in the environment.What＇s more,it provides a operation scheme for the theory that＂Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.＂