书籍刊刻与医学传承:李杲学说在元代及明初的流布

Legacies of a Medical Master: Books, Professional Network, and the Spread of Li Gao's Medical Doctrine from the 12th to 14th Century

本文试图勾勒"金元四大家"之一李杲的医学理论在江南医学群体中传播的途径,并以此反思金元医学传承研究中主导的"师徒传承"、"北医南传"以及"医学流派"等解释模型。相对于刘完素、朱震亨的研究,李杲学说传至江南的途径隐而不彰。李杲师承集中在北方,其著作在身后屡次出版,并传至江南。元明之际版刻并不发达,书籍资源不足。然而,元末江南已经形成了一个医者的专业网络,求学者可通过拜师、交游等途径分享有限的书籍资源,进而大大促进了李杲学说在江南的流布。到了明初,这一专业网络中的成员大多师承朱震亨一脉,但这并不妨碍他们出版、传播李杲的作品。这也进一步说明了界限清晰的"医学流派"在元明之际并未成型,医者专业网络中的信息共享机制也促进了金元各派医学理论的合流与折中,进而形塑了明中期以后的医学发展。

This paper explores the ＂medical schools ＂ and patterns of knowledge transmission from the 12 th to 14 th century China,a crucial period witnessing the major innovations in medical theory and the transformation of social identity within the community of elite physicians.Li Gao was one of the most important medical masters in this period whose medical thought had greatly influenced the development of medical theory in Late Imperial China.By focusing on the transmission and spread of Li Gao＇s medical doctrine within the medical community in Lower Yangtze Region,this research challenges the conventional historical narratives about the＂medical schools＂,masterdisciple lines,and their significance in the transmission of knowledge in this period.By tracing the publishing history of Li Gao＇s work and its accessibility,this paper argues that the professional network in Lower Yangtze Region had fostered an interconnected community within which the medical knowledge and limited resource of books were shared and spread.This knowledge-sharing network made the clear-cut mater-disciple lines unfavored and gradually led to the medical eclecticism after 15 th century.