美国公立高校少数族裔学生录取政策的历史演进与思考——以德克萨斯大学为例

Minority Student Admission Policy in Public Higher Education Institutions of United States: Historical Evolution and Consideration——Taking the University of Texas as an Example

以典型公立高校为案例研究对象分析少数族裔学生录取政策的历史演进,能够深度观察美国高等教育入学机会平等观念的发展过程。德克萨斯大学多次触发美国高等教育历史上具有标志性的受教育权利诉讼,在这一研究问题上具有代表性。在对历史档案、学术文献、司法判决、媒体报道进行文本分析的基础上,德克萨斯大学少数族裔学生录取政策的发展演进可以分为五个阶段,每个阶段在政策演进与法律推论的角度均呈现不同的脉络特征。研究结论表明,美国高等教育在促进入学机会平等方面逐步凸显关注目的与效果、追求实质平等、重视过程导向、完善教育法治等方面的观念变迁,对我国完善高等教育录取政策具有重要的借鉴价值。

Analysis on historical evolution of minority student admission policy,taking typical public university as case study target,would further observe the development process of equality concept on higher education admission in United States.University of Texas,with multiple involvement in significant lawsuits on right to education in U.S higher education history,bears the representation.On the basis of textual analysis to historical archives, academic literatures,judicial decisions and media reports,development of minority student admission policy in University of Texas can be divided into five stages,which respectively carry distinct contextual characters with perspective of policy evolution and legal jurisprudence.The research concludes that,with focus on promoting equality of access,higher education in U.S.gradually highlights attention on purpose result,pursuing substantive equality,appreciating process-orientation and improving educational judicial system.The development of equality concept provides valuable reference to higher education admission policy reform in China.