一亿农业转移人口市民化的难题研究

Study on the Difficulties of the Urbanization of 100 Million Rural People Who Have Moved to the Cities

目前,农业转移人口的市民化程度明显偏低,在城镇地区的经济融入、政治融入、社会融入和文化融入方面存在种种困难,成本分担机制不完善是阻碍农业转移人口市民化的拦路虎,户籍门槛与福利差距是农业转移人口进城落户难的壁垒,等级制的城市行政体制是农业转移人口市民化均衡配置资源的障碍,农村土地制度改革滞后是农业转移人口市民化的延缓器,不合理的财税体制是农业转移人口市民化的重要制约因素。到2020年,推动一亿农业转移人口市民化的总体思路是,坚持以难带易、以点带面、以小带大、以新带旧四大基本原则,坚持缩小城乡区域福利差距、强化市民化法律赋权两个核心导向,聚焦＂进得来＂、＂过得好＂、＂离得开＂、＂可持续＂四个主要内容,抓好随迁子女进城入学、家庭成员定居落户两个关键步骤。推动一亿农业转移人口市民化的关键举措包括,完善公共成本分担机制、推动公共资源配置市民化导向的城市行政制度改革、加强基本公共服务均等共享的城乡户籍一体化改革、创新农业转移人口有偿退出与带资进城的土地政策、完善一亿农业转移人口市民化的财权事权匹配机制。

Currently,the level of urbanization isstill low in China,and rural residents face considerable challenges in economic,political,social and cultural integration. A number of factors contribute to this difficulty,including the cost sharing mechanism,the hukou system,the difference in welfare between rural and urban residents,the urban administration system,the rural land policy,and the public financing. Till 2020,the feasible solution to advance the urbanization is to reduce the welfare inequality between urban and rural residence,improve the law system of urbanization,make better educational conditions for the next generation of rural migrants and make effort to improve the registration system for rural migrants. The key measures to improve the urbanization of the rural residents include improve the cost sharing mechanism,reform the urban administration system so that resource allocation can be more beneficial to residents,reform the hukou system to bridge the gap between basic public services in rural and urban regions,and compensate rural residents should they move to cities,and improve the government efficiency.