选择性转移、人力资本不均等与中国城乡收入差距

Selective Transfer,Human Capital Inequality and China’s Urban-rural Income Gap

与以往大多研究隐含的劳动力同质假说不同,本文在农村劳动力具有异质性这一假定下,从农村劳动力择优转移到城镇就业的角度研究了其与中国城乡收入差距间的关系。首先在构建农村劳动力择优性转移、城乡就业人员人力资本分布和城乡收入差距相互影响分析框架对三者间关系进行理论探讨的基础上提出了相关假说,然后运用联立方程模型对假说进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,中国农村中发生的大量劳动力择优转移到城镇就业,其对中国城乡间就业人员的人力资本分布不均等产生统计上的显著影响,而后者又对城乡收入差距产生显著影响,而且城乡收入差距又对农村劳动力择优转移产生一定的反馈效应。这表明当前中国可能存在一种由农村劳动力择优转移内生性引致城乡收入差距扩大的机制路径乃至循环,而这明显阻碍了城乡收入差距的缩小。

Different from the previous hypothesis of labor homogeneity,this article,based on the hypothesis that the rural labor force is heterogeneous,studies the relationship between the labor force mobility and the urban-rural income gap from the perspective of the selective transfer of rural labor force to the employment of cities. This paper first constructs the analysis framework of the interaction between the rural labor force＇s optimal transfer,the distribution of urban and rural employees＇ human capital and the urban-rural income gap,based on it,the relationship between the three is theoretically discussed and some hypotheses are put forward,and then we use the simultaneous equation model to test the hypothesis. The results show that： a large number of labor force in China＇s rural areas have shifted to urban employment,which has a statistically significant impact on the uneven distribution of human capital in China＇s urban and rural areas,and the latter has a significant impact on urban-rural income gap,moreover,the urban-rural income gap has a certain feedback effect on the preferential transfer of rural labor force. The above results show that there may be a mechanism,path and even cycle of expanding urbanrural income gap due to the preferential transfer of rural labor force in china,which obviously hindered the narrowing of the income gap.