海口市学龄前儿童哮喘的影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of asthma among preschool children in Haikou

目的调查和分析海南省海口市儿童哮喘发病的危险因素,以期为儿童哮喘预防提供参考。方法通过整群抽样调查法对2016年1月-12月海口市城区13所幼儿园、社区保健机构单位7 256例3~6岁的儿童进行儿童哮喘流行病学问卷调查,通过Logistic回归分析法了解哮喘儿童发病的高危因素。结果对海口市的学龄前儿童调查发现,哮喘预测指数阳性率为6.74%;影响哮喘发病的因素十分复杂,其中最主要的独立危险因素为个人药物过敏史(OR=8.437,95%CI:1.538~22.643)、食物过敏史(OR=5.463,95%CI:1.578~21.727)、过敏性鼻炎(OR=7.847,95%CI:1.584~25.684)以及家族过敏史(OR=7.443,95%CI:1.843~13.614)。结论海南省海口市儿童哮喘发病率较高,和多种因素有关,其中个人药物过敏史、食物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎以及家族过敏史是造成儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素,必须引起重视,进一步规范治疗。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of childhood asthma in Haikou city. Methods Cluster sampling survey method was used to select 13 kindergartens and community health care institutions in Haikou city from January to December in 2016.Totally 7 256 children aged 3～6 were surveyed and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors. Results The positive rate of asthma index was 6.74% in preschool children of Haikou city. Factors affecting the incidence of asthma were complicated, of which the main risk factors were personal history of drug allergy（OR=8.437,95%CI=1.538～22.643）,food allergy history （OR=5.463, 95%CI=1.578～21.727）, allergy rhinitis（OR=7.847,95%CI=1.584～25.684）and family history of allergy（OR=7.443,95%CI=1.843～13.614）. Conclusions Asthma is prevalent in children of Haikou city. The main risk factors included personal history of drug allergy, food allergy history, allergy rhinitis and family history of allergy. So it is necessary to give more attention and timely standard treatment on asthma children.