上海市虹口区市售食用菌中汞和砷的污染水平

Pollution levels of mercury and arsenic in commercially available edible fungi in Hongkou District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市虹口区市售食用菌中总汞和总砷的含量及污染水平。方法在虹口区的农贸市场和超市随机抽取16个品种151份食用菌样品,按国标方法检测总汞和总砷的含量,根据GB 2762-2012《食品中污染物限量》评估超标情况,并运用单项污染指数法评价食用菌中总汞和总砷的污染程度。结果 (1)151份食用菌样品总汞平均含量0.0131 mg/kg、总砷平均含量0.159 mg/kg。不同食用菌汞检出率差异有统计学意义(F=37.301,P<0.01),杏鲍菇和金针菇汞的检出率较低,香菇砷的超标率最高。(2)品牌包装和散装食用菌总砷超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.380,P<0.05)。(3)食用菌不同状态总砷的超标率差异有统计学意义(F=15.749,P<0.01)。(4)16种食用菌汞和砷的单项污染指数评价结果,食用菌中汞的含量都属于1级产品,砷的含量除了牛肝菌、珍珠菇、金钱菇之外均属于1级产品。结论虹口区食用菌中汞和砷总体污染水平不高,但食用菌中砷污染相对突出,应继续加强监管力度。

[Objective]To investigate the concentrations and pollution levels of total mercury（Hg） and total arsenic（As） in commercially available edible fungi in Hongkou District of Shanghai. [Methods] Totally 151 edible fungi samples of 16 edible fungi cultivars were randomly collected from farmers＇ markets and supermarkets in Hongkou District, the total Hg and total As concentrations in the edible fungi were determined by national standard method. The exceeding standard situations were assessed in accordance with the National Standards for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762-2012）. The pollution levels of total Hg and total As in edible fungi were evaluated by single factor pollution index method. [Results]（1）The average total Hg and As concentration in151 edible fungi samples were 0.013 1 mg/kg and 0.159 mg/kg respectively. The difference in Hg detection rate was statistically significant among different edible fungi cultivars（F =37.301, P〈0.01）, and the detection rate in pleurotus eryngii and enoki mushroom was relatively low. The exceeding standard rate of As in lentinus edodes was the highest.（2） There was statistically significant difference in the total As exceeding standard rate between brand packaging and bulk edible fungi（χ~2=7.380, P〈0.05）.（3）The difference in total As exceeding standard rate was statistically significant among different states of edible fungi（F=15.749,P〈0.01）.（4）The result of single factor pollution index evaluation for Hg and As in the 16 edible fungi cultivars indicated that all edible fungi were first-class products for Hg concentration, while the edible fungi were first-class products for As concentration of except boletus, pholiota namek, and small shiitake. [Conclusion] The overall pollution level of Hg and As in the edible fungi in Hongkou district is not high. However, the As pollution is relatively prominent in some edible fungi, and the supervision should to be strengthened.